General Motors will build electric cars for the Indian market

GM (General Motors) announced to make electric cars for the Indian market on September 24, 2009 manufactured by the Reva Indian car company, specializing in this segment, in order to market them in China.

The executive director of GM's arm in India, Karl Slym, explained that this initiative is taken "in line with the government targets to reduce dependence on fossil fuels". He also said that, "we will work closely with the Indian central government and regional authorities in India to develop infrastructure for electric vehicles and provide financial benefits to the consumers".

President of General Motor's international operations, Nick Reilly described electric cars as "an area of growth in the global auto industry" and hoped that cooperation with General Motors Reva will serve to "accelerate their progress and changing needs in many parts of the world".

For Reilly, these cars represent "the best long term solution to provide sustainable private transport".

Reva Company launched its first electric car model in 2001.

GM's announcement comes just a day after Ford said that in early 2010, we will launch first small utility car to the Indian market, officially named as Ford Figo. Ford also said that our new Figo will target the Indian market.

Both initiatives focus on the segment of small commercial vehicles. Auto companies are in agreement with these initiatives because the Indian car market has a large number of users willing to make a payment for having a car, but the cost should not be very high.

The most notable example of these types of initiatives of vehicles in this segment is the Tata Nano, which also known as the "world's cheapest car" (with low-end model starting from rupees 1 lakh.

The Indian automobile industry has been among the hardest hit by the international financial crisis, especially during the first few months, with a significant decline in auto sales because of the lack of liquidity and lending, so these initiatives by global players like Ford and GM will boost the sales of the Indian car sector.

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Bad Things About Voice Over IP (VOIP) - Issues to Be Aware Of

VOIP The Dark Secret, Buyer Beware.


Every time I turn around I see another advertisement for the Voice Over Internet Protocol.

Most of the phones supplied by the Cable companies and also independent’s such as say Vonage are known as VOIP phones.

In a past life I did a lot of IP related work and what bothers me is when they sell these services, and do nto tell you of any potential problems. It's all roses and fireworks for great things that are cheap. I do not see any disclaimers or warnings.


How it works:


If all the VOIP traffic stays within a properly configured network like say a Road Runner network and you call another person on Road Runner network, it’s highly likely that Road Runner has implement something called Quality of Service (QOS). This helps prioritize traffic and help make sure the VOIP packets get to were they are supposed to go.

What can go wrong:

To the best of my knowledge the IP portion of VOIP – does not have a provision or means to provide QOS . The issue lies that any “call” placed to someone over the plain internet therefore gets delivered on a “best effort” type of delivery scheme. So it depends on how busy the net is at that time and how good the quality of the network is that the packets are traveling over. I call it “cross your fingers” delivery. I have used VOIP myself but never for anything critical.

What is Reality:


If you make calls primarily to other users on the same network and that service provider is reliable then VOIP could work for you. If you consider the phone mission critical and a “must work” 100% of the time, I’d seriously question using VOIP.

I refuse to let my own parents or in-laws switch to these services. It’s hard because they see them as cheaper, and that’s pushed on them and it’s an attractive option to them to save costs. Unfortunately costs savings are pushed but no downsides are often mentioned.

There are a few other downsides to VOIP:

Faxing can be tricky and if you have a security system, it may not be happen with a VOIP connection. There exist work arounds for these scenarios but they may not be elegant.

My Conclusion:

My personal experience is the call quality ranges vastly from day to day and call to call. I personally still do not see VOIP as a reliable replacement for the phone companies land line service.

If you want VOIP, choose carefully weigh your options and decide. Well chosen and implemented correctly VOIP can be functional. A poor VOIP provider and ISP combo can be a nightmare.

Educated yourself, choose carefully and be skeptical.



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Build Your Own Cheap VOIP Phone Connection

Build Your Own Cheap VOIP Phone Connection.


Some Background:


I have written on another hub that I’m not a big fan of VOIP and that is true. VOIP is however not totally bad, it does have it’s place. One great use I have found for a VOIP setup is that it can offer you a very low cost way to add another phone line to your home or business if you have a existing broadband internet connection.

So what’s the secret to constructing a cheap VOIP phone. First of all, do not link yourself with one of the popular services. I do not use Vonage or AT&T or for that matter any large vendor, I built it all myself.

I was curious as to how far the VOIP world had progressed from days long ago. I had my fingers in VOIP many years ago when just the VOIP boards were thousands of dollars. Back then it was definitely NOT a usable consumer product. I was quite pleased to see that many vendors now offered VOIP ATA’s (Analog Terminal Adapters, the box that turns a analog telephone to digital packets that can traverse the internet and get to whomever you are calling). I was even more surprised to find out that there are several great web sites on the matter and that the ATA’s are quite cheap, a wide selection under 100.00.

VOIP utilize something called SI. SIP’s formal non abbreviated name is the “Session Initiation Protocol”. SIP is what is known as a “signaling protocol” this enables things like instant messaging, SMS, conferencing and finally telephones to communicate on the internet. There are also other things that go along with it like “codec’s” to do most of the work. I’m not going to go into technical details here as the purpose of this hubpage is to make a cheap IP phone setup, not understand voice protocols and analog to digital conversion schemes.

HERE IS HOW I BUILT MINE:

I’ll provide links in the links section at the bottom of the hub rather than in the article to hopefully make it easier to read.

Buy the right Analog Terminal Adapters (ATA):

Since most ATA’s are “locked” to a specific carrier.. much like your AT&T cell phone is locked to the AT&T network and it can’t be used on Verizon’s network. The ATA is the same, if you have one and it’s locked to say “Vonage” then it’s useless unless you have the unlock password or they will give you the password , it’s a useless device for the purposes here.

You can however get a unlocked ATA very easily. Simply go to Voxilla.com , I suggest the Linksys PAP2T it works well for me and has the capability to have 2 phones plugged into it. I very much like my Linksys ATAT but pick your own ATA of choice, the voxilla store and techtoast This is the device you will plug into your router and then you plug your phone into the ATA. Voxilla.com is one option.. I chose to buy my ATA from a place called TECHTOAST. They shipped it quickly and it works great.

Have a reliable and speedy Internet connection:

Dialup will not work, I’d recommend a cable connection or higher speed DSL connection. To have a usable VOIP connection you have to have a broadband internet connect that’s reasonably fast and reliable. The 384 kbps DSL connections may possibly work but it’s going to likely sound like your talking through tin cans and be horrible in quality.


Find a VOIP Vendor:

You need to decide on what I will call for conversations sake a “SIP carrier”. This is the “Vonage” replacement in my home built VOIP system. After much searching and comparison. I chose a place called sipphone.com.
I registered for an account and then also bought a “Callin” number for my area. This allows people to call you and sipphone can route calls to that number. Translated to English, this call-in number makes your new IP phone ring at your house. You can also buy call out credits for I believe $10.00 dollar increments and they expire in 180 days from purchase , the rates are low around 2.0 cents for calls to Australia for example. Better than a calling card I think, no call setup charges and no long strings of numbers to dial, you just call direct. They offer free voicemail and a few other features. It’s pretty simple and works for my needs.

Couple of notes on Sipphone.com
The Sipphone account is free, no monthly cost. The cost is only in the call out number $36.00 per year and callout credits (you choose) plus the cost of the ATA (about $60.00) If it’s not for you Voxilla has a HUGE selection to compare, it took me several weeks to decide on sipphone . I used Voxilla’s comparison tool, the problems I had in picking vendors was that it was very hard to compare apples to apples, most often I found myself comparing apples to oranges that why it took a long time. This is an important choice, but you can change it easily if you make a mistake. The change might cost you some money but switching is possible. I have not switched but I expect I will at some point in the future. I’m reasonably happy with sipphone, but be warned support is via a forum or ticket system and they are not quick. My experience is to not expect a quick turn around, expect days not minutes. I have had a few outages but not many and this line is not mission critical to me. A few new vendors may even appear on ads on this hub, it might be worth checking those out, that’s how I initially found sipphone.

Start the Ball Rolling:

Once you have chosen the SIP vendor and have a account etc. I’d order the ATA from your place of choice as I indicated above. While you wait for your ATA, register on voxilla.com for a account as well as sipphone.com if they are your vendor of choice. Once you get your ATA. Now we need to configure the ATA to work with the SIPHONE vendor. This is were Voxilla comes in very handy, but you need to have an account. They have some pretty slick configuration utilities , they call it the configuration wizard, I’ll provide a link below. Log into your Voxilla account and look the one up for the PAP2t , have your account information all handy from sipphone and start the configuration process. I’m not going to give detailed instructions here, as the permutations of configuration are endless. I also can’t really help if it does not work. Mine worked minus a few glitches right out of the box

There are things that can make this a real challenge . Asymmetric Firewalls can cause a stun server to not function correctly and you may have to statically assign a IP address to the ATA and port forward the required ports to the internet back and forth. I do this all the time. I used to configure Cisco switches for large corporate networks so this is not intimidating to me but to a average user port forwarding can be a nightmare. Maybe that’s the subject of another hub, but it ‘a dry subject to anyone other than a networking techie. I suggest if the option comes up to use a “Stun” server. This will hopefully prevent you from having to play the port forwarding game. Sipphone provides that information for your account.

Try a Call:

Plug your phone into the phone port you configured on the ATA, and try to call yourself from another line, I did and it works like magic. It’s a great line to publish on flyers, ads, business forms, etc. The call-in number lasts for 1 year for 36.00 (there are shorter term agreements) but if you get too much spam on that number ditch it after a year (or your term you agreed to ) and get a new number from Sipphone.

Current Status:

My setup has been pretty stable. I do not use this line for anything critical. I’d by no means use this as my main line unless I had no other choice. I have heard that Sipphone has an unusual purchase out credit scheme. It appears they hand check all first time call out credits to help avoid fraud and this can take some time to approve so plan ahead say a week. Once the first purchase goes through all others after that should have no issues according to the post I have read. I have not tried this as I indicated I have no need to dial out on the phone at this time. Overall I have a cheap phone that runs over my existing internet connection. So if you look at the cost for me.

· ATA purchase (one time ) $60.00
· Sipphone.com call out number $36.00
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total cost $96.00 for year one and that includes the ATA cost.

If I assume all that ATA cost is placed in the first year use next year all I have is a callout renewal at 36.00 That’s $3.00 a month for a valid number, not bad.

The Warning:

Your mileage may vary and this has technical challenges that could be pretty complicated, it’s also not for folks who are not technical in my opinion. But if your at all inclined or curious and do not care if you lose a few dollars on equipment and services if it does not work give it a shot.

Try this at you own risk and I can’t/won’t provide tech support. I simply provided what works for me and I decided to share. Hopefully you can use this information or a permutation to get something running up cheap for yourself. Happy VOIP’ng.


VOIP LINKS

  • Welcome to Linksys.com
    Linksys, a division of Cisco Systems, Inc. (NASDAQ: CSCO) is the global leader in Wireless and Ethernet networking for consumer and SOHO users. Linksys is dedicated to making networking easy and affordable for its customers, offering innovative, awar
  • VoIP Device Configuration Wizards
    This FREE service allows you to easily configure analog terminal adapters and IP phones from four different device manufacturers with more than 20 different
  • TechToast: Our Specials!
    VoIP, Security, Surveillance, Telephony, Audio/Video, Network Equipment, and much more--just the best names in electronics at the hottest prices.
  • SIPphone - Call worldwide over your Internet connection with any phone
    Gizmo Project provides low cost international calling and free calls to users on Yahoo Messenger, Google Talk, Windows Live users and SIP networks.
  • Voxilla
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How to Become a Cell Phone Tester Before They’re Released to the Public

Do you love new gadgets? Do you enjoy getting the latest mobile phone that is available and trying out all of the new applications that it can access? This can get to be a pretty expensive hobby since new phones are constantly being released and most of the newest releases aren’t cheap. One great way to enjoy your love of new phone technology without sacrificing your entire budget to new phones is to learn how to become a cell phone tester.

What is a Cell Phone Tester?

A cell phone tester is someone who gets to test out mobile phones, mobile phone applications and new features on mobile phones before these are actually released to the public. A cell phone tester may get paid to do this work. More likely, this person will be volunteering in exchange for the chance to test out phones that aren’t yet available to the general public. In either case, the cell phone tester will have to test out the new product or features in a timely manner and will have to report on the results of the testing in some form or other to the people who have hired the tester. These reports may be written or verbal and may be formal or informal.

How to Become a Cell Phone Tester

It isn’t very easy to become a cell phone tester because of the fact that there are limited positions available for this type of job and there are a lot of people out there who would like to do it. However, it is possible to become a cell phone tester if you know where to look for this type of work.

Some of the things that you might do to become a cell phone tester include:

Check the websites of the cell phone companies and handset makers that you like most. Each individual company may issues announcements on websites, job board and blogs that let the public know that they are interested in hiring cell phone testers. These posts will provide information on the exact details of applying for the job. The amount of testing work that you get will likely be limited since you’re working with only one company but you’ll get to try out the products that you are likely to like the most.

Get a job with a cell phone company. A lot of those companies don’t advertise those jobs because they have in-house staff doing the testing. These are people who do other jobs for the company (such as customer service) but who also do some of the company’s cell phone testing. If you’re willing to work for a cell phone company then it’s a good way to get the opportunity to do cell phone testing for that same company.

Attend mobile phone conventions and do some networking. Many of the people who get work as cell phone testers get that work because they know someone who knows someone. Get in with the right people by networking at mobile phone events and then put the word out there among your network that you’re looking to work as a cell phone tester.

Check technology job boards. It’s rare but every once in awhile you will see a job come up for the position of cell phone tester. Common job boards (such as Monster and MySpace jobs) are a good place to look if this is something that you’re serious about trying to do. Keep an eye out on the jobs and gigs announcements on sites like Craigslist as well because beta testers are often advertised for on those sites. And check out mobile phone forums for the occasional company post about this.

Apply to work as a writer / reviewer for mobile phone blogs, websites and magazines. Major mobile phone blogs and websites get access to a lot of the new mobile technology before it’s been officially released to the public. Their reviewers get paid to check out the newest mobile phones and mobile phone features and to write up their opinion about them for the sites. These jobs are hard to get and it’s best if you have experience as a tech writer but this is a great way to get work as a cell phone tester (and even get paid to do it!)

Start your own mobile phone blog. This takes some time and patience but it’s one way that the average person can start getting a foot in the door to test mobile phones. Basically you’ll start your own mobile phone blog and report on the latest phone news. If you can develop this blog to the point where it is a high-quality blog then you can contact mobile phone companies and ask about the possibility of testing new phones in exchange for writing about them on your blog. People who are interested in unique phones from smaller companies and startups may be able to have some success with this approach.

Becoming a cell phone tester requires a combination of persistence and luck. An avid interest in mobile phones and a general passion for getting truly involved with the industry will assist you in getting closer to the opportunities that are available for testing out phones and phone features before they are released to the general public. Keep on putting the word out there that this is something that you’re interested in and there’s a good chance that some sort of chance to do this will come around.

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Help Me Land a Blogging Job

There's a new contest in town, and I'm reaching out to all my fans, readers and friends here on HubPages for help!

Nature Made has launched a talent search recently, in search of a Good Mood blogger. (Now why are you laughing? Are you sayin I'm not always in a good mood? What do you mean I'm sarcastic? Hush now. This is serious business).

They are looking for someone with a passion for sharing mood boosting tips and advice, a good attitude and a little inspiration. It's a six month gig, paying $5,000 a month. Yes, seriously!

Hey, now.That's right up my alley. If you have read some of my work here at HubPages, such as Mommy Meltdown, Bounce, A Skype Dream or 5 Ways to Apologize, then you know I have a way of taking things that would bring me (or you) down and seeing the bright side, the light side, the sunny side up side.

So what do I need? I need your vote. The applicants with the most votes will make it to the next level, but I can't do it on my own! I need to show that I am loved. How about showing me a little love?



Pick Me! Pick Me!

So please take a minute to go vote for me at Sam-E and help me get to the next round of this contest! It only takes a minute! The first phase of the contest is based completely on votes, but for the applicants who make it to the next level (only the top 20) they will have to create a video and submit a writing sample. Friends will be able to vote, but a panel of judges will have the final say over the outcome.

Your help is greatly appreciated! Thanks!

And, if for some reason you decide to get in there and enter yourself because you are a shiny happy person (in need of $5,000 a month), then I wish you much luck! Really, I do! ;)

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FireTune - speed optimizer for Mozilla Firefox.

FireTune is freeware utility from TotalIdea software to improve the speed of MozillaFirefox.Browsing speed can be rapidly increased with other many options within the browser.

But rather this is One click Optimization with FireTune.This not only tweaks the values of delay,pipelining but also some innermost configurations to improve it's peek performance.

FireTune supports Firefox v1.x,2.x,3.x.This not only optimizes but also synchronize Firefox performance with Computer speed so as to prevent the browser from sudden crash that can be due to over processor speed or memory utilized by the browser.

It has 6 options ranges from Fast/Slow Computer with Faster/Slower connections so as to suitable for all low as well as high performance computers.Just select your Browser profile and Click Tune it button to optimize StumbleUpon

Third Party Cell Phone Vendor

Why Buy a Cell Phone from a Third Party Vendor?

Cellular telephones have been engrained in today's society. The number of people using cellular technology today is higher than ever and is still climbing. In November 2007 it was estimated that over 83% of the US population had a cell phone. Cell phones have popped up in popularity due to their convenience. Today's phones offer more features than early computers did and can truly be a one-stop resource center for a busy person's daily activities (calendar, contacts, email, web browsing, music player, GPS, even television).

As convenient as cell phones are, what is not convenient is the way that most cellular service providers treat their customers. If your phone breaks or your lose it, providers are eager to prey on your weak state by charging you exorbitant amounts of money for a new phone, a new contract, or to get out of your old contract. That same phone that was free when you signed a two-year agreement is now $250.00 at full retail price, and the representative isn't willing to listen to you about cutting some sort of deal.

This is one example of a time when it pays (literally and figuratively) to have the option of shopping with a third party cell phone provider. Typically, these companies only sell phones and don't deal with contracts or activation costs or anything like that. You simply buy a phone from them and activate it on whatever network you belong to. No new contract is required. There's not an additional activation fee. You activate the new phone and continue on as if nothing ever happened.


What kind of Phones do Third Parties Sell?

Typically, third party cell phone vendors sell phones that are used, refurbished, and/or unlocked. A brief explanation of each of these terms follows:

Used: A used cell phone is exactly what it sounds like. This phone belonged to somebody at one point in time and was used as their cellular device for a period of time that is usually unknown. You'll find a variety of phones in a variety of positions - from barely used phones that look brand new to phones that have seen better days. If you're looking at used phones, be sure to buy one that is for your network/cellular service provider. Most used phones only work on one network, unless they have been "unlocked" (see below).

Refurbished: Refurbished phones are phones that were returned or found to be defective in some small way and were sent back to the factory for repairs. At the factory, any glitches were fixed and the phone was sent back out in "like new" condition. Like used phones, refurbished cell phones are typically only capable of working on one, maybe two, networks. However, refurbished phones are unlike used phones in that they are fresh from the factory. It is assumed that all problems with the phone have been taken care of and the phone should operate on par with brand new phones of the same model.

Unlocked: An unlocked cell phone is a phone that was designed to operate on one cellular network but has been altered to be able to operate on multiple networks. Unlocked phones can be found in New, Used, or Refurbished condition. The advantage of buying an unlocked phone is that they are more versatile than unlocked phones. To activate an unlocked phone on a particular network, all you need is a SIM card for that network. Therefore, if your old phone dies, you can simply take the SIM card out and put it into a new unlocked phone. The new phone will be activated on your network and you will be able to go on with your day as if nothing happend - even things like your contacts will be transferred from one phone to another. This is also beneficial when travelling internationally. Instead of paying a lot of money on expensive international calls, you can purchase a prepaid SIM card in your destination country and operate on the network over there as if you are still at home.

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How to Describe Yourself - Your Positive & Effective Qualities

Why being able to describe yourself & others is helpful

Being able to describe yourself and others accurately is something we usually have to learn. This seems to be especially true in most western cultures where being honest about our skills, qualities and attributes can be confused with being arrogant, "blowing your own trumpet" and being excessively self indulgent.

(Below you will find a list of around 180 adjectives to help you describe yourself.)

I know from my experience of facilitating confidence and self esteem programs, that when participants are asked to state just five of their best qualities a hushed embarrassment fills the room. "I don't know," is the most common response. Conversely, we're all a lot better at listing our faults and failings and can get onto that task without any difficulty! It's like most of us haven't even dared to think about the question, "What's good about me?" - if that's you, then it's even more important that you read on.

Well ask yourself now! "What's good about you?"

How many descriptive words can you come up with? Knowing how to describe yourself is something that comes in very useful especially on resumes, job aplications and in job interviews. On top of that many of us now use dating websites, forums and have profile pages on various websites that ask us to describe ourselves or provide a bio. An added bonus to knowing how to describe our positive qualitities, is that it helps us combat all the negative talk that goes on in our heads - the voice that continually tells us what and where we're going wrong.


Why "good" is not so good

If you are a leader, manager or teacher

One of things that an effective leader will do is help others to identify their positive qualities, because people that feel good about themselves, will be better team members. Instead of using the word "good" all of the time think about a more descriptive adjective you could use. How about, "the way you got round that problem was really creative", or, "you're a brilliant mediator - the team works so much more effectively when you are around."

If you are a parent

As parents it's our job to help our children recognise their unique personal attributes. Again, being a "good girl" (or boy) is not very descriptive and will not do much to add to your child's self knowledge, sense of identity or confidence. One of the reasons most of us are so poor at describing our own positive traits is because our parents did not help us identify them. Next time you are thinking of praising your child, why not consider if there is a better word you could use instead of "good".

If you were looking for information on how to describe yourself physically then I'm sorry because you won't find that here. What we're going to do is get to the nitty gritty of who you are and help you find the words to describe yours and others unique qualities.

Words to describe yourself

Because we could all identify with 90% of these adjectives in some situation or other, I'd suggested picking 10 - 15 words that describe how you are most of the time, regardless of the situation. It might be helpful to think about who are you when you are on your own, doing your own thing? There will be very few other people who will identify the exact same combination because we are all different.


Honest

Assertive

Attentive

Direct

Broad-minded

Committed

Conscientious

Dynamic

Hard Worker

Persistent

Mature

Methodical

Motivated

Objective

Tenacious

Sociable

Friendly

Realistic

Reliable

Resourceful

Respectful

Responsible

Creative

Confident

Traditional

Trustworthy

Unconventional

Unique

Ecclectic

Inventive

Exciting

Thoughtful

Powerful

Practical

Proactive

Productive

Professional

Quality

Quick

Balanced

Achiever

Knowledgeable

Leader

Literate

Logical

Initiator

Original

Outgoing

Particular

Patient

Active

Positive

Consistent

Compassionate

Incredible

Independent

With Integrity

Mediator

Emotional

Cheerful

Forgiving

Sensuous

Generous

Sporty

Devoted

Candid

Rebellious

Cooperative

Industrious

Interesting

Racy

Meditative

Understanding

Quirky

Quixotic


Optimistic

Accomplished

Adept

Analytical

Articulate

Artistic

Self Disciplined

Contraversial

Individual

Tolerant

Naive

Green

Unselfish

Sophisticated

Stable

Strong

Successful

Tactful

Talented

Team Player

Fun

Intelligent

Changeable

Passionate

Intense

Intuitive

Upbeat

Vibrant

Funny

Constructive

Customer-oriented

Dependable

Direct

Loyal

Curious

Competitive

Political

Social Consciousness

Modest

Courageous

Enthusiastic

Enterprising

Entrepreneurial

Facilitator

Focused

Genuine

Open Minded

Wise

Sensitive

Sense of Humor

Sensible

Sincere

Skilled

Solid

Communicative

Helpful

Fast

Responsible

Results-driven

Results-oriented

Self-reliant

Organised

Knowledgeable

Logical

Personable

Pleasant

Flexible

Adaptable

Persuasive

Perceptive

Insightful

Trustworthy

Easy going

Good listener

Imaginative

Warm

Ambitious

Diplomatic

Leader


What's good about me?

These are the words I think best describe me:

  • perceptive
  • down to earth
  • open minded
  • knowledgeable
  • logical
  • analytical
  • tenacious
  • quick learner
  • genuine
  • warm
  • inventive
  • rebellious
  • direct
  • generous
  • insightful

Your list of positive qualities

So how did you get on? How does it feel to identify your positive qualities? Good I hope!

If you thought of any other positive descriptive words then please leave them in a comment below so that I can add them to the list.

Remember to bookmark this list in case you need to come back to it - you never know when you will be required to tell someone who you are or what's good about someone else.

Read more of my hubs

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World’s Longest River – World’s Largest River – and World’s Deepest River

The Nile River

The world’s longest river is the Nile. At 6650 kilometres long, it’s no doubt the longest river in the world. All through the earliest civilisation of man, the NileRiver has been entirely the source of water for civilization of man since the ancient times. The Nile has two main tributaries - the White Nile and Blue Nile. The White Nile starts from the Great Lakes region of East and Central Africa through Lake Victoria. The Blue Nile originates from Lake Tana in Ethiopia. The Blue Nile carries with it a lot of fertile soil from soil erosion which turns out to be very fertile for farming in Egypt. The two tributaries, Blue Nile and the White Nile, meet in Khartoum in Sudan.


The Nile River, at 6650 kilometres long, is no doubt the longest river in the world. Image credit: Wikipedia
The Nile River, at 6650 kilometres long, is no doubt the longest river in the world. Image credit: Wikipedia

Compare Nile with Mississippi – Missouri River

From Khartoum, the River Nile flow through quietly through the desert and in to Egypt where Egyptian makes use of its water by farming. Aswan (in Egypt), is one of the driest inhabited places on planet earth. People have been able to inhibit and live successful life in Aswan just because of the waters of the Nile. It is in Egypt that people have been able to make better use of the NileRiver since the ancient time. If one looks at the location of nearly all towns and popular historical sites in Egypt, they are all along the banks of the NileRiver. The Nile finally empty into Mediterranean Sea through the Nile delta.

Perhaps one may want to compare the Mississippi – Missouri River at 6275 kilometres long and Amazon River at 6400 kilometres long with Nile’s 6650 kilometres. And the world's most sacred river, river Jordan, is 251 kilometers long.

And on a serious note, River Jordan is currently one of the world's most endangered and polluted river due to differences between Israel and neighboring Arab states.


Amazon River - the worlds largest River (not longest) at a width of about 40 kilometres. Image Credit: Wikipedia
Amazon River - the worlds largest River (not longest) at a width of about 40 kilometres. Image Credit: Wikipedia

The Amazon River - World's Largest River

The Amazon River is the world’s largest River (not longest) at a width of about 40 kilometres during the rainy seasons but about 10 kilometres wide when not flooded. The lenth of the Amazon River is 6400 kilometres. The Amazon River has so much water that it account for no less than 20% of all the world’s water that flows into the oceans on its own. The depth of the Amazon River is as much as 40 metres during the rainy seasons.

From the more than 1100 tributaries, the main tributaries of the Amazon River are Maranon, Japura, Rio Negro Ucayali, Purus, Madeira, Tapajos, Xingu, Tocantins Iquitos, Manaus and Belem do Para. The main Amazon River flows mostly through Brazil and Peru but its tributaries are also to be found in Venezuela, Bolivia, Colombia and Ecuador.


Golden Dart Frog - an extremely poisonous frog on earth found in Amazon rain forest.
Golden Dart Frog - an extremely poisonous frog on earth found in Amazon rain forest.

Curious creatures at Amazon Rain Forest

There are many species of animals to be found in Amazon River. The most curious animals in Amazon are the candiru which are parasitic freshwater catfish which are known to enter the urethra of those who urinates on the Amazon River or those who bath there. Another curious creature to be found on the Amazon rain forest (around the Pacific coast of Colombia) is the Golden Dart Frog which is the most poisonous frog on earth. Its poison is used in poisoning arrows by the local people there. The largest snake, the anaconda snake is to be found in the waters of Amazon basin.


Congo River, in Africa, is the worlds deepest river. The river has depths of about 250 metres. Its length is 4700 km
Congo River, in Africa, is the worlds deepest river. The river has depths of about 250 metres. Its length is 4700 km
Smithsonian Atlas of the Amazon Smithsonian Atlas of the Amazon
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The Amazon, 3rd: The Bradt Travel Guide The Amazon, 3rd: The Bradt Travel Guide
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Jean-Michel Cousteau's Ocean Adventures: Return to the Amazon Jean-Michel Cousteau's Ocean Adventures: Return to the Amazon
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Tree of Rivers: The Story of the Amazon Tree of Rivers: The Story of the Amazon
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The Congo River - World’s Deepest River

The Congo River (read Zaire River), in Africa, is the world’s deepest river. The river has depths of about 250 metres. Its length is 4700 km. This river is very similar to Amazon River in the sense that it’s the second largest river in terms of water volume and that the river flows through the second largest rain forest in the world. The water catchments area of the Congo River basin lie in both north and south of Equator making its flow very stable as there is always at least some tributaries experiencing a rainy season at any one time.

The sources of the Congo River are in the highlands and mountains to be found in the Eastern Africa Rift Valley. The main tributaries of the Congo River include the following rivers: Inkisi River, Nzadi River, Nsele River, Bombo River, Kwa River, Fimi River, Lukenie River, Kwango River, Sankuru River, Likouala River, Sangha River, Ubangi River, Giri River, Uele River, Mbomou River, Lomami River, Luvua River, Luapula River and Chambeshi River.

The Author’s page is designed to help beginners and average readers make some money as an extra income to supplement what they may be earning elsewhere - details of which you can find in My Page, if you will.

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Hot Jobs in High Demand 2009 - 2016

Nearly 2.8 Million Jobs Available

As of this date 07/25/09, there are listed at least 2,767, 632 American jobs appearing on Internet sites that include job search engines, recruiters' sites, and employers' individual websites.

For information on the leading industries hiring from 2009 - 2012, see the article at What Industries are Hiring the Most Workers?

The top actually-listed jobs for July 2009 are presented below.

Jobs listings rose to July '08 with travel and vacations increasing, then fell after the 2008 Christmas and Holiday Season. Job listings increased to February '09 and leveled out, but continued to fluctuate around that level. Some states continued to experience increases in job listings in certain cites and regions. Texas is a good example of such exonomic health.

Josb listings rose to July '08, fell after the 2008 Christmas and Holiday Season, then increased to February '09 and leveled out, but increased in certain states and job titles.
Josb listings rose to July '08, fell after the 2008 Christmas and Holiday Season, then increased to February '09 and leveled out, but increased in certain states and job titles.

Top 15 Job Listings in America, Summer 2009

  1. Physical Therapists
  2. Occupational Therapists
  3. Assistant Managers - Retail, food service, and others
  4. Tax Professionals/Tax Preparers
  5. Independent Beauty Consultants (other than AVON)
  6. AVON Independent Sales Representatives
  7. Sales Associates
  8. Salespersons
  9. Sales Managers
  10. Registered Nurses (RNs)
  11. Retail Sales Consultants
  12. Physicians/Doctors in Family Practice
  13. Restaurant General Managers
  14. Sales Representatives
  15. Assistant General Managers

These top job listings are preseneted in a color coded table below that empahsizes the three (3) leading industries captured by all 15 job titles.

Search for jobs in your area or any state or city to which you want to relocate at Indeed.com.

DEMAND FOR SALES RELATED- POSITIONS DURING MID-SUMMER MAY BE PARTIALLY CREDITED TO THE YEARLY INCREASE IN TOURISM & TRAVEL THAT BEINGS RETAIL DOLLARS OUT. SALES OF MEDICAL EQUIPMENT & PHARMACEUTICALS MAY ALSO REPRESENT A SIZEABLE PORTION OF DEMAND.
DEMAND FOR SALES RELATED- POSITIONS DURING MID-SUMMER MAY BE PARTIALLY CREDITED TO THE YEARLY INCREASE IN TOURISM & TRAVEL THAT BEINGS RETAIL DOLLARS OUT. SALES OF MEDICAL EQUIPMENT & PHARMACEUTICALS MAY ALSO REPRESENT A SIZEABLE PORTION OF DEMAND.

Four Industry Sectors Contain the Most Jobs

The most jobs listings are in categories that involves SALES. The second greatest number of job openings are listed in Healthcare, with the third highest being in Management of some sort, whether Retail, Food Service, or some other industry. The last entry is a single listing category for tax preparation that would include Accounting Professions. Forensic Accounting is becoming a growing industry sector in the 21st Century in light of several financial scandals in the nation and the need to better control finances and eleiminate waste..

In 2009, an increase in tax preparation services occured, because of such events and problematic or overwhelming situations as 1) ammended tax returns for larger deductions and refunds, 2) catch-up of unfiled tax returns, and 3) tax audits and related matters.

Top Cities for Each Top Job Listing

The current cities in which the significantly largest number of Top Jobs are listed include:

  1. Physical Therapists - San Antonio, Texas & Jacksonville, Florida (tie)
  2. Occupational Therapists - Memphis, Tennesee & Jacksonville, Florida (tie)
  3. Assistant Managers - New York City
  4. Tax Professionals - New York City
  5. Independent Beauty Consultants - New York City
  6. Avon ISRs - New York City and Anchorage Alaska (tie)
  7. Sales Associates - New York City, Houston
  8. Salespersons - same as above
  9. Sales Managers - New York City, Houston, Chicago
  10. Registered Nurses (RNs) - San Antonio and Houston, Texas
  11. Retail Sales Consultants - New York City and Houston
  12. Physican or Doctor - New York City; Dallas and Houston, Texas: 1) Family Practice, 2) Internal Medicine.
  13. Restaurant General Managers - Houston & San Antonio, Texas; Birmingham, Alabama; Los Angeles, California; Las Vegas, Nevada.
  14. Sales Representatives - New York City, Chicago, Houston; Charlotte, NC; Atlanta, Georgia.
  15. Assistant Managers - New York City, Houston, Wasington DC, Boston, Chicago, Dallas, Los Angeles, others.

COMPARISONS

A few of the jobs listed in the Top 15 Actual Job Listings appear on either of the US Federal projections for employment trends to 2016. Registered Nurses (RNs) is the notable example.


Federal Projections for "Most Job Openings" Expected to 2016

  1. Registered Nurses (RNs)
  2. Retail Salespersons
  3. Customer Service Representatives
  4. All Food Preparation & Service
  5. Office Clerks
  6. Personal & Home Care Aides
  7. Home Health Aides (HHAs)
  8. Postsecondary Teachers
  9. Janitors and Cleaners, except Housekeepers
  10. Nursing Aides & Orderlies
  11. Bookkeeping, Accounting, And Auditing Clerks
  12. Waitstaff
  13. Child Care Workers
  14. Executive Secretaries & Administrative Assistants
  15. Computer Software Applications Engineers

[Three titles appear on both lists.]

Federal Projections of Fastest Growing Jobs to 2016

  1. Network Systems and Data Communications Analysts
  2. Personal and Home Care Aides
  3. Home Health Aides (HHAs)
  4. Computer Software Applications Engineers
  5. Veterinary Techs
  6. Personal Financial Advisors
  7. Makeup Artists - Theatrical and Performance Arts, including media.
  8. Medical Assistants
  9. Veterinarians
  10. Counselors for Substance Abuse & Behavioral Disorders
  11. Skin Care Specialists - included medical.
  12. Financial Analysts
  13. Social and Human Service Assistants
  14. Gaming Surveillance Officers and Gaming Investigators
  15. Physical Therapist Assistants

Why Projections Change

Employment trends and actual job listings differ by state and by metropolitan area within the US States.

Federal projections for future jobs are produced by government statisticians and analysts for a decade at a time, such as 2004 - 2014 and 2006 - 2016 and there is some time overlap as well as differences in job projections that arise with the emergence of new industries and new occupations. Some jobs essentially go out of existence and new jobs are offered as technologies advance.

Overlapping decades provides a background for adjusting trends to other important factors that may include increasing or decreasing populations and other elements. The Recession 2008 - 2009 had some affects upon job listing trends, as did the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act funding. Employment trends can change rapidly and it is wise to read business and employment projection news.

An example of changes between two decades of projections can be seen in an article that adresses the Best Places to Move In Tennessee.

The State of Texas experienced a small increase in Unemployment rate overall in June, 2009, but several cities remained at around only 5-6% while the nation topped over 10% unemployment during the same time. See a market-by-market review at Texas Job Markets.

What Jobs are In Demand 2009 - 2016? in the News

  • Gerdau, Tam Rise on Demand After Rio Olympics Victory (Update1)Bloomberg10 hours ago

    Oct. 5 (Bloomberg) -- Brazil’s planned $11 billion in infrastructure spending for Rio de Janeiro’s 2016 Olympic Games may increase demand for steel products from Gerdau SA , boost passenger traffic at Tam SA and fuel purchases at Dufry South America Ltd stores.

  • Jackson Community College respiratory program helping some train for new careersThe Jackson Citizen Patriot23 hours ago

    Erik Holladay | Jackson Citizen PatriotSarah Parker, 32, of Napoleon checks Bonnie Harper’s heart rate as she is given her treatment for respiratory problems. Parker is part of Jackson Community College’s respiratory program.There are some employees who walk around Allegiance...

  • Demand for health professionals poised for growthAustin American-Statesman6 days ago

    Research by the Capital Area Workforce Board has resulted in a list of its targeted occupations in Austin, showing the professions that are projected to be in demand in the near future in Travis County.

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Medical Tourism - A Growing Niche Market

Medical Tourism Goes Back to Roman Times

The term Medical Tourism refers to traveling to another a foreign country for medical care.

In times past traveling abroad for medical care was limited to wealthy people in regions where the type of medical care needed was not available locally. This usually involved wealthy people in poor or less developed countries traveling to places, such as Switzerland, Great Britain or the United States, to obtain care that was either unavailable at home or where the quality of local providers was very low.

Switzerland has an especially long history of medical tourism according to SWIXMED a Swiss firm that arranges care in Swiss clinics for international patients. On their homepage SWIXMED notes that as far back as the Roman Empire wealthy citizens of the Empire would travel to spas in the Swiss Alps to bathe in the hot mineral springs there in the belief that soaking in these waters would cure arthritis and other ills.


While Switzerland was not the only nation to have mineral springs, the number of such springs relative to the country's small size resulted in these springs making a noticeable contribution to the nation's economy. In addition, like similar springs in other nations, these areas became tourist hubs catering to wealthy tourists (about the only kind of tourist in times past) seeking to improve their health. Since the motivation for these tourists was improved health, it is only natural that a medical services industry would develop in these areas.

Traveling Abroad When Needed Care is Unavailable at Home

The growth of medical care has gone hand in hand with economic development. An abundance of wealthy visitors to its mineral springs obviously provided the Swiss with both the means and incentive to develop its medical care industry. A steady stream of wealthy clients willing and able to pay for medical services served to both induce doctors and other medical practitioners to relocate to Switzerland in order to improve their own economic prospects as well as to induce locals to enter the industry thus helping to make Switzerland a big provider of medical services.


In other nations, economic growth led to increasing demand for medical services by ever larger segments of the population. Throughout history, the poor, who until recently comprised almost the entire population of every land, had a difficult enough time obtaining enough food to survive. Starvation has historically been the major killer with sickness and disease being a random variable that could not be avoided by most of those who were struck by illness.

However, in areas where economic growth took hold and food became more plentiful, starvation became less of a threat while rising wealth meant that more resources could be devoted to fighting disease and more people could afford to pay for disease treatment and prevention. For people in these wealthier nations good medical care was now available at home.

For who live in wealthier nations, there should no longer be a need to travel abroad for medical care. However, ironically, wealthier nations are now the main sources of demand for medical tourism while poorer nations, especially Asian nations with rapidly growing economies, are the main destinations for medical tourists.

Three main forces are driving this demand by those in wealthier nations to seek medical services abroad. These are:

- Lower cost care in Asian nations.

- Need for services not available at home due to legal restrictions

- Denial of services in home nation due to managed care programs


Seeking Low Cost Services Abroad

One result of economic growth in the post World War II era and the associated Cold War motivated economic aid to the, then poor, nations in Asia, Africa and Latin America has been the beginnings of a middle class in these former Third World nations and the professional education that many middle class youth in these Third World nations received in the United States, Europe and, to some extent, the former Soviet Union.

The result was a large number of doctors and other professional medical personnel returning to their home countries after receiving an education and often working for a number of years in North America or Western Europe.

Poverty among the local population limited demand for the services of these returning professionals and this, coupled with their foreign training and experience, encouraged them to begin offering their services to foreigners. One of the biggest attractions was their ability to provide their services at the much lower local rates. In addition to the lower cost of living in these countries which results in lower relative wages, currency exchange rates also add to the differential in cost between the overseas providers and foreign patients.

Destinations in Asia and other places have become popular for Americans who either lack medical insurance or seek elective procedures not covered by insurance because of the cost savings. There are also some managed care providers (organizations that work with employers to help keep medical and insurance expenses down for employers) that have started, at the request of the employer or other third party payer, referring patients abroad for medical services because of the huge cost differences in these cases. Some concern has been raised about this from a few patients and consumer groups as, unlike most forms of medical tourism, the patients in these cases have little or no say in the decision to be sent abroad for the service.


In the case of the United States, a number of people living in Southwestern cities, like Tucson, Arizona where I live, which are within easy driving distance of the Mexican border, often go across the border for minor ailments and especially routine dental care due to the much lower cost of these services. Many of the doctors and dentists providing these services received their training from schools in the U.S.

Ironically, many upper middle class Mexicans living near the U.S. border come to places like Tucson for routine medical and dental care in the belief that the quality is better.


In recent years there has been an increase in Americans going to Canada and Mexico for prescription drugs. This used to be illegal but the rules were relaxed a number of years ago to allow people with legal prescriptions to have them filled abroad. There is now a big business with Canadian pharmacies filling mail order prescriptions for U.S. citizens.

The United States is both home to major prescription drug companies as well as being by far the largest market for U.S. and foreign pharmacutical companies. Before any prescription drug can be sold in the United States it must first undergo a review by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), a process that usually takes years to complete and millions of dollars in expense before being approved.

This expensive FDA review is usually given as the major reason for charging more for prescription drugs in the U.S. than in other nations. I don't know what the price differential is now, but a little over a decade ago I accompanied a friend to Nogales, Mexico shortly after the U.S. dropped its prohibition on individuals having prescriptions filled abroad.
He wanted to compare the price of an arthritis drug for his wife which was produced by a leading British pharmaceutical company. He brought with him an empty bottle that had contained a 30 day supply of the medication and which had been purchased in Tucson for $32.00.

Walking into a pharmacy in Nogales, Mexico, he showed the bottle to the pharmacist who immediately produced a full bottle of the medication which was an exact duplicate except for the wording which was in Spanish but said the same thing and was printed in the same font. The price was also different - the cost in Mexico was $2.50.


In addition to the cost of FDA approval and the pharmacuitical industry's practice of differential pricing between nations, other regulations in the U.S. also served to drive up prices. Shortly before accompanying my friend to the pharmacy in Mexico I had called the Arizona state agency responsible for licensing pharmacists in Arizona. I was assisting a student who had been laid off by a factory closing on the U.S. side of the border in Nogales, Arizona and who was completing an English language program to prepare him for a position in the larger economy.

This student had dropped out of a Mexican medical school years before just prior to graduation and was now considering putting the pharmacology training he had received while studying to be a medical doctor to use in becoming a pharmacist.

The lady in the licensing division told me that, in order to take the exam to be a licensed pharmacist in Arizona, one had to have graduated from a recognized school of pharmacy. Only three schools in the world met Arizona's high standards and, not surprisingly, all three were located in Arizona (I believe that this rideculous rule has since been dropped).

One of the factors driving up medical costs in the U.S. is the practice of states creating and supporting cartels which unduly limit the number of people who can provide medical services within their borders - even a physician with a world-wide reputation and licensed in his or her home state, more than likely cannot legally perform medical services in another state without first going to the time and expense of meeting bureaucratic rules designed solely to protect local practictioners from outside competition.

Legal Restrictions on Medical Care

The practice of medicine tends to be heavily regulated by governments in most nations. As a result there are some procedures and treatments which are legal and available in most nations but severely restricted or illegal in other nations.

The above mentioned FDA approval process in the United States often results in new drugs and treatments being illegal in the U.S. but legal elsewhere. The goal of such laws and regulations is usually the protection of the nation's citizens from what are perceived to be untried and / or unsafe treatments and procedures.

While supporters of such protective policies are quick to point out estimates of the number of lives saved from blocking unsafe procedures, critics point out that unkonown numbers of lives are lost to disease during the approval process and these figures should be factored into the considerations about the overall effectiveness of these laws and regulations.

One of the best known cases of going abroad for a banned treatment was actor Steve McQueen's decision to travel to Mexico for a controversial cancer treatment, which was banned in the U.S., involving a drug called Laetrile in the 1980s.

While the treatment McQueen received in a Mexican clinic failed to cure the cancer that ultimately took his life, he is still admired for continuing to fight for his life despite government regulations.


Denial of Medical Services by Managed Care Programs

The great appeal of free markets is the fact that free markets give people the freedom to manage their own lives and make their own choices.

Unfortunately, the growth of the nanny state in recent years in both the public and private sectors has curtailed the freedom of many adults to exercise full control over their lives. In exchange for the security implied by the promise to provide services regardless of the ability to pay people give up the right to make their own decisions in such areas. In these cases the cynical version of the Golden Rule - he who has the gold, rules - applies.

The area where this is most common in the advanced economies of the Western World is in the area of medical care where service is more often than not provided by the government or, especially in the United States, insurance provided by private employers. In both cases there is a disconnect between the party paying, in this case the government or employer, and the party receiving the service (the patient).

The goal of managed care, whether provided by a government agency or a private company hired by an employer, is to protect the interests of both the one paying for the service (tax payers in the case of government, employers in the case of private sector) and the patient. In the case of government programs the patient, who is a tax paying citizen who has paid into the system with his or her taxes, naturally wants the best care available and in whatever quantity needed to cure them.

The same goes for patients covered by an employer provided program which is basically a service provided in lieu of additional cash income (and the income tax plays a critical role here in that, because of tax savings, a greater amount of the in kind service - medical coverage - can be provided at a lower cost than if paid in cash which is taxable).

To protect taxpayers or employers from skyrocketing medical costs as patients demand service without limits, those managing care are forced to ration and deny certain treatments and procedures that they consider to be unreasonable.


Denials by managed care providers is probably the major force behind the current growth in medical tourism. People who are denied care outright or who are forced to wait years for needed services, can exercise the option of going abroad and purchasing the care themselves.

It is not uncommon for Canadians, despite the 2005 ruling by the Supreme Court of Canada which ruled that "Access to a waiting list is not access to health care,..." (a ruling which technically only applied to the Province of Quebec but has been looked upon as a challenge to the entire Canadian system of socialized medicine) to bypass their government run system and travel to the United States for treatments either denied by the Canadian system or require life threatening waits for service. It is also becoming increasingly common for Americans to seek treatment abroad when insurance companies refuse to pay for desired treatments.

Future of Medical Tourism

Rising incomes and increasing government involvement in health care ensure that Medical Tourism will continue to exist and grow.

Health is a big determinent in the quality and length of life. Economic growth and rising living standards result in both an increase in health care services and an increase in people's ability to take advantages of the increased and improved services.

While government medling in the economy in general and in the health care area in particular in various countries result in limiting peoples' freedom to choose the care they want and need in those nations, market forces in other nations create opportunities to get around the policies of one's own nation and seek the care needed from abroad.



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Medical Tourism in the News

  • Proton beam therapy could bring millions in revenue to Flint area with medical tourismThe Flint Journal3 days ago

    FLINT, Michigan — Could medical tourism be the next new wave for reshaping Flint’s economy? Industry experts say it’s too soon to tell what ripple effects will come from McLaren Health Care’s new proton therapy center slated to open sometime around...

  • Penang expands market for medical tourismThe Star4 days ago

    PENANG is set to become a world-renowned medical tourism hub with Europe, the United States and Papua New Guinea emerging as new potential markets.

  • Formosa Medical Travel adds three Taiwan hospitals to its medical tourism networkNews-Medical-Net5 days ago

    Formosa Medical Travel, a medical tourism facilitation company headquartered in Taipei, has entered into agreements with three of Taiwan’s leading hospitals, with the assistance of the Taiwan External Trade Development Council (TAITRA). Tungs’ Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, and Changhua Christian Hospital are the three newest members of Formosa Medical Travel’s ...

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